1.   Outlining is an important part of public speaking because

  a. an outline helps the speaker compile an organized preliminary bibliography.

b. * an outline helps ensure that ideas flow clearly from one to another.

  c. an outline helps the speaker choose an interesting, sharply focused topic.

  d. all of the above.

  e. a and b only.

2.   Outlining is important to public speaking because an outline helps a speaker

  a. judge whether each part of the speech is fully developed.

  b. ensure that ideas flow clearly from one to another.

  c. solidify the structure of a speech.

d. * all of the above.

  e. b and c only.

3.   According to class lectures and your text (or both), outlining is important to public speaking because an outline helps you judge whether

  a. your main points are properly balanced.

  b. your speech will be interesting to the audience.

  c. you have adequate supporting materials for your main points.

  d. all of the above.

e. * a and c only.

4.   Which of the following should be included in a preparation outline?

  a. the bibliography

  b. a specific purpose statement

  c. transitions, internal previews, and internal summaries

  d. the central idea

* e. all of the above

5. The burden of ________ always rests with the persuasive speaker who advocates change.

a. fact b. opinion c. refutation d. strategy * e. proof

6.   Your instructor recommends using ____ ___ in your informative speeches
  as a way to keep your ideas from being overly abstract.
a. contrasts b. descriptions c. comparisons * d all of the above

7.   According to class lectures and your text (or both), the specific purpose statement in a preparation outline should be written

  a. in capital letters.

  b. at the end of the introduction.

  c. immediately before the first main point.

  d. after the preview statement.

* e. before the text of the outline itself.

8. Which of the following does your textbook recommend for relating the subject directly to your audience in an informative speech?

a. * Speak in personal terms such as “you” and “your.”

b. Take care to establish your credibility in the introduction.

c.   Devote an equal amount of time to each main point.

d. all of the above

e. a and b only 

9.   What does your instructor mean when he recommends that you personalize your ideas in an informative speech by using examples drawn from your own experience?
a. Use dramatic statistics for a personal effect.
b. Add true-to-life examples rather than hypothetical examples.
c. * Present your ideas in human (not “academic”) terms that relate your experience to the audience.
d. Avoid concrete language because it makes ideas vague and impersonal.
e. Give the speech a personal tone with slang and jargon. 

10.   Which of the following is a correctly worded main point ?
a. Computer-generated graphics as special effects.
b. * Many movie special effects are created with computer-generated graphics.
c. How are special effects created with computer-generated graphics?
d. The use of computer-generated graphics to create special effects in movies.
e. Computer-generated graphics.

11.   Which of the following is a correctly worded main point implying a preview of sub-topics?
a. Causes.   b. Migraine headaches and their causes.
c. Causes of migraine headaches. * d. There are three major causes of migraine headaches. e. Why people get migraine headaches.

12. Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking?

a. A president of a company presenting an award to an outstanding employee.

b. A marketing manager explaining a new product to the company’s sales force.

c. A personnel manager defining employee benefits at a meeting of workers.
d. * A union representative urging management to avoid a strike by raising wages.

e. A finance officer reporting sales figures to the board of directors. 

13.   Subpoints in a speech should be ________

  a. listed just before the conclusion.

  b. written in key words to jog the memory.

  c. indicated by Roman numerals.

  d. indented farther to the left than main points.

* e. written in full sentences.

14.   Arranged in random order below are a main point, two sub points, and two sub-subpoints from a speech preparation outline. Which is the main point?

  a. Melanoma is the least common but most deadly form of skin cancer.

  b. Each year about 7,400 people die from melanoma in the U.S.

  c. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer.

d. *Two types of skin cancer are melanoma and basal cell carcinoma.

  e. Of all skin cancers diagnosed in the U.S., only 4 percent are melanoma.

15.   Arranged in random order below are a main point, two sub points, and two
sub-subpoints from a speech preparation outline. Which is the main point?

  a. The largest members of the hawk family are Old World vultures.

b. *Raptors are powerful birds of prey with hooked beaks and sharp talons.

  c. Among Falconiformes, the hawk family is the largest and most diverse.

  d. The hawk family includes eagles, hawks, kites, harriers, and vultures.

  e. There are two orders of Raptors—Falconiformes and Strigiformes.

16.   Arranged in random order below are a main point, one sub point, and three
 sub-subpoints from a speech preparation outline. Which is the main point?

a. Included among those remedies are some highly bizarre—and even dangerous—practices. b. A third remedy was wrapping the patient’s neck with a piece of flannel
soaked in foul- smelling salve.
c. One remedy was bleeding the patient by taking out a pint or two of blood.
d. * Over the years, people have tried many remedies to combat the common cold.
e. Another remedy was soaking the patient with huge quantities of baking soda
dissolved in water.

17. Arranged in random order below are a main point, two sub points, and two
    sub-subpoints from a speech preparation outline. Which is the main point?
    a. One example of this kind of phobia is the child who is bitten by a dog
    and who remains fearful of dogs thereafter.
    b. Most phobias are caused by a frightening experience, usually in childhood.
    c. * Phobias can develop either in childhood or adulthood.
    d. Another example is the child who develops a fear of heights after falling off a ladder.
    e. Some phobias seem to develop suddenly in adulthood without any apparent cause.

18. Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking?

a. A United States President praising World War II veterans.

b. A history professor lecturing on the rise of industrialism.

c. A judge explaining the rules of evidence during a criminal trail.

d. * A developer urging the city council to build a new convention center.

e. A geneticist reporting her research to a professional meeting.

19.   Arranged below are a main point, two sub points, and two sub-sub points from
 a speech preparation outline. Which is the second sub point?

  a. Meteorologica was written around 340 b.c.
b. * After Thales, Aristotle was the major figure in ancient meteorology.
c. The science of meteorology first developed in ancient Greece.
d. Aristotle presented his theories in a book called Meteorologica.
e. In 640 b.c., Thales identified the winter and summer solstices.

20.   According to class lectures and your text (or both), your speech title should
a. include a catchy quotation. * b. attract the audience’s attention.
c. be stated as a full sentence.   d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

21.   According to class lectures and your text (or both), the main reason to
keep a speaking outline brief using 5x8 cards is to

  a. help the speaker feel more confident and secure.

  b. make the speech clearer for the audience.

  c. ensure that the outline fits on a single note card.

  d. make it easier for the speaker to gesture.

* e. help the speaker maintain eye contact with the audience.

22.   According to class lectures and your text (or both), the speaking outline

  a. is created from the titles of a speaker’s PowerPoint slides.

b. * is used to jog a speaker’s memory during the speech with cues.

  c. includes a full bibliography.   d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

23.   Erica has completed her final preparation outline and is preparing her speaking
outline for her speech on macrobiotic foods. According to class lectures and
your text (or both), as Erica prepares her speaking outline, she should remember to
a. include a bibliography.
b. make sure the outline is plainly legible.
c. keep the outline as brief as possible.
d. all of the above.
e. * b and c only.

24. As discussed in your textbook, delivery cues on a speaking outline may include
a. bibliographic citations.   b. highlighting of key phrases.
c. words such as “pause.” d. all of the above. e. * b and c only.

25.   According to class lectures and your text (or both), a speaking outline usually

  a. includes a preliminary bibliography.

  b. fills more than five note cards.

  c. includes the speech introduction written out word-for-word.

  d. contains mostly complete sentences.
* e. includes the quotations a speaker plans to use.

26. Good speech delivery

a. is accompanied by frequent gestures.
b. requires that the speaker have a strong voice.
* c. sounds conversational even though it has been rehearsed.
d. draws the attention of the audience away from the message.
e. is best achieved by reading from a manuscript.

27. Good speech delivery
a. has a conversational quality. b. does not call attention to itself.
c. requires a strong voice. d. all of the above.
e. * a and b only.

28. Communication based on a speaker’s body and voice, rather than on the use of words, is called
a. implicit communication.   * b. nonverbal communication.
c. unintentional communication. d. instinctive communication.
e. physical communication.

29. In which situation would a speaker be most likely to read from a manuscript?

a. a speech accepting an award at a company banquet

b. a speech in honor of a retiring employee

c. * a speech on international policy at the United Nations

d. a speech on the activities of a church social committee

e. a speech of welcome to new members of the Rotary Club

30. A political candidate is running for office and must give a speech that will
lay out the details of her platform. The speech will be widely covered by
newspapers and television. What kind of delivery is the candidate most likely to use? * a. manuscript b. impromptu c. monotonous d. colloquial e. memorized

31. When speaking from a manuscript, you should

a. practice aloud to make sure the speech sounds natural.

b. be certain the final manuscript is legible at a glance.

c. work on establishing eye contact with the audience.

d. * all of the above.

e. a and b only.

32. According to class lectures and your text (or both), you should think of your persuasive speech
a. essentially the same as a commemorative speech.
b. * a kind of mental dialogue with the audience.
c. less challenging than speaking to inform.
d. all of the above.
e. b and c only

33. Which of the following does your textbook mention as an advantage of extemporaneous delivery?

a. It requires only a minimal amount of gesturing by the speaker.

b. It reduces the likelihood of a speaker making vocalized pauses.

c. It improves a speaker’s ability to articulate difficult words correctly.

d. It requires little or no preparation before the speech is delivered.

 e. *It allows greater spontaneity than does speaking from a manuscript.

34. According to class lectures and your text (or both), a speech that sounds spontaneous to the audience no matter how many times it has been rehearsed has a strong quality.

a. impromptu b. memorized   * c. conversational d. kinesic e. formal

35. The speaker uses only brief notes or a speaking outline to jog the memory.

a. after-dinner b. commemorative c. informative   * d. extemporaneous e. persuasive

36. A speech that is fully prepared in advance but that is delivered from a brief set of notes or a speaking outline is called a(n) speech.

  * a. extemporaneous b. declamatory c. impromptu d. manuscript e. vocalized

37.  That part of the audience a speaker most wants to persuade is called the

a. specific audience. b. esignated audience. c. central audience. d. special audience. * e. target audience.

38. Speaking extemporaneously

a. gives more control over language than does speaking from memory.

b. * is adaptable to more situations than is speaking from manuscript.

c. offers more spontaneity and directness than does speaking impromptu.

d. all of the above.

e. b and c only.

39. According to class lectures and your text (or both), the skilled extemporaneous speaker

a. has a conversational tone.

b. prepares and practices the speech carefully.

c. uses brief notes while delivering the speech.

d. * all of the above.

e. b and c only.

40. “Conversational quality” in speech delivery means that the

 a.*speech sounds spontaneous even though it has been rehearsed.

b. speaker is not speaking from memory.

c. speaker talks the same as she or he would in ordinary conversation.

d. all of the above.

e. b and c only.

41.   If you want to persuade a skeptical audience, which of the following is it most important for you to do in your speech?
a. Define unclear terms in the introduction.
b. Organize the speech in problem-solution order.
c. Focus the speech on questions of value.
d. * Answer the reasons for the audience’s skepticism.
e. Include a call for action in the conclusion.

42. If you hoped to convey to your audience the excitement of steering a kayak through a river rapids, you should probably
a. * speak at a faster rate.  .
b. use more vocalized pauses.
c. break eye contact with your audienc.
d. gesture less frequently.
e. avoid using dialect

43. A public speaker who frequently says “uh,” “er,” or “um” is failing to make effective use of .
a. vocal variety.   * b. pauses. c. pitch. d. rate. e. inflection.

44. According to class lectures and your speech evaluation guide, “uh,” “er,”
“um,” and similar expressions in a public speech are referred to as

a. vocal fillers. b. signposts. c. intonations. * d. vocalized pauses. e. inflections.

45. Which of the following specific purpose statements is from a persuasive speech seeking immediate action?
a. To persuade my audience that the federal government should establish a committee to study the regulation of genetically engineered food.
b. * To persuade my audience to write their U.S. senators and representatives in support of a bill to regulate genetically engineered food.
c. To persuade my audience that proposed legislation to regulate genetically engineered food will hurt farmers.
d. To persuade my audience that the federal government must take steps to regulate genetically engineered food.
e. To persuade my audience that genetically engineered food poses serious health dangers to consumers.

46. Nonverbal communication includes a speaker’s
a. gestures. . . . b . eye contact. . . c. rate of speech
* d. all of the above. . . e. a and b only.

47. Nonverbal communication is based on a speaker’s a. language. b. vocal delivery. c. bodily actions. d. all of the above.   * e. b and c only.

48. Research has shown that
a. *when speakers’ nonverbal signals are inconsistent with their words, listeners
often believe the nonverbal signals rather than the words. (Eagles Song: “Your lyin’ eyes”)
b. the best rate for effective speechmaking is 170 words per minute.
c. smooth, graceful gestures are vital to effective speechmaking.
d. listeners usually find a somewhat slower than normal speaking rate
to be more credible than a s slightly faster than normal rate.
e. some dialects are inherently better than others.

49. What does your textbook advise regarding the use of gestures in a speech?

a. Gestures should be suited to the audience and occasion.

b. Speakers should have a vast number of graceful gestures.

c. Gestures should appear natural and spontaneous.

d. all of the above

e. * a and c only

50.  What did your instructor say about eye contact for public speakers in the United States?
a. To appear credible and trustworthy, a speaker should gaze intently at the audience.
b.  In classroom speeches, it is most important to maintain steady eye contact with the instructor.   c.* Speakers should look at the audience about 80 to 90 percent of the time they are talking.
d. Speakers who establish strong eye contact with the audience lose credibility as a result.

51.   If you give a persuasive speech advocating a change in policy, your main points often will fall naturally into order. * a. problem-solution b. chronological c. causal d. comparative advantages e. topical

52. Visual aids can be very useful to a speaker because they

a. often take the place of statistics.

b. * enhance the clarity of a speaker’s ideas.

c. can be passed among members of the audience.

d. do not require a great deal of explanation.

e. all of the above.

53. According to class lectures and your text (or both), which of the following is an advantage of using visual aids in a speech?

a. Using visual aids can increase the clarity of a speaker’s message.

b. Using visual aids can increase the audience’s retention of a speaker’s message.

c. Using visual aids can increase the persuasiveness of a speaker’s message.

 d. * all of the above

e. a and b only

54.  Which of the following is presented in your textbook or in class as a 
guideline for effective informative speaking?

a. Use technical language to enhance your credibility.

b. Avoid personal words such as “I,” “we,” “you,” and “our.”

c. *Relate the topic directly and personally to your audience.

d. all of the above

e. a and c only  

55. Visual aids are often helpful to a speaker because they can

a. enhance the clarity of a speaker’s ideas.

b. make information more interesting to listeners.

c. help listeners retain a speaker’s ideas.

  * d. all of the above.

e. a and b only.

56. If the object you want to use as a visual aid is not available, the next best option ideally is a

 . . * a. model. . b. chart. . c. slide. d. photograph. . e. drawing.

57. If you wanted to compare the military spending of the United States to that of eight other nations, what type of visual aid should you probably use?

. a. a map   * b. a chart c. a line graph. d. a pie graph e. a diagram

58. According to class lectures and your text (or both), when using color in a visual aid, you should

a. include at least four colors.

b. * use striking contrast colors to highlight key points.

c. add color only in multimedia presentations.

d. limit overhead transparencies to one color.

e. display major ideas in red or green.

59. _________ are especially valuable for showing an audience statistical trends and patterns.

a. Models b. Diagrams c. Transparencies d. Blueprints   * e. Graphs

60.  When giving an informative speech to a general audience, you 
should take special care to
a. state your ideas in abstract terms.
b. establish goodwill with the audience in the introduction.
c. * avoid being too technical.
d. all of the above.
e. a and b only.

61. Which of the following would probably be the best kind of visual aid to
demonstrate the five major areas of spending in the federal budget?

  * a. a pie graph b. a diagram c. a line graph d. a chart e. a photograph

62. A graph is best suited for illustrating simple distribution patterns.

  * a. pie . b. line . c. parallel . d. ratio   . e. bar

63. Which of the following would probably be the best visual aid to
demonstrate the distribution of grades for a class?

  * a. a pie graph b. a quota graph c. a longitudinal graph d. a partition graph e. a line graph

64. While working on his speech, Lebron decided to use a visual showing
the proportions of the U.S. federal budget spent in four major areas—
defense, entitlement programs, non-entitlement programs, and
miscellaneous spending. What type of visual aid should he use?
a. a pictogram . . b. a line graph . .
c. an illustration . d. a photograph   . . * e. a pie graph

65. A graph is best suited for showing comparisons between two or more items.

a. picture b. parallel c. distributive d. ratio   * e. bar

 66. A(n) ____________________ is a visual aid that summarizes a large block of information, usually in list form.

a. diagram   * b. chart  c. pictogram d. illustration e. graph

67. If you wanted to summarize the steps of a process in a speech, the best kind of visual aid to use would probably be a
a. model.   * b. chart. c. diagram. d. photograph. e. graph.

68. According to class lectures and your text (or both), charts are especially useful as visual aids when a speaker needs to

a. summarize the steps in a process.

b. present information the audience might want to write down.

c. include more categories than can be presented in a pie or bar graph.

d. *all of the above.

e. a and c only.

69. A graph is best suited for showing changes in statistics over time or space.
a. pie . * b.  line   . c.   distributive . d. parallel . e.  ratio

70. According to class lectures and your text (or both), when selecting
 fonts for a visual aid you should usually use

a. a wide variety of fonts.

b. decorative fonts.

c. a different font for each line.

d. italicized fonts.

 e. *no more than two fonts.

71. When giving an informative speech, you should take special care to

 a. *translate technical information into everyday language.

b. state your ideas in abstract terms.

c. establish goodwill with the audience in your introduction.

d. avoid speaking about complex topics.

e. prepare your introduction before the body of your speech.

72. Serena is creating visual aids on her computer. According to class
 lectures and your text (or both), when she selects fonts, she should plan to use

a. decorative fonts to keep the audience interested.

b. all capital letters so the words will be easy to read.

c. * no more than two fonts on each slide.

d. all of the above.

e. b and c only.

73. What kind of fonts should you use when presenting slides in a speech?

a. large and small  b. red and blue *c. serif and sans serif      d. novelty and display

 74. When using visual aids in a speech, you should

a. set up visual aids to the left of the lectern.

b. not worry about keeping eye contact with the audience.

c. try to pass visual aids among the audience.

d. keep visual aids on display throughout the speech.

  * e. avoid drawing visual aids on any chalkboard.

75. According to class lectures and your text (or both), when using
visual aids in a speech you should

a. draw pictures or charts directly on the chalkboard.

b. * practice with the visual aid when you rehearse your speech.

c. keep the visual aid on display through the speech.

d. all of the above.

e. b and c only.

76. Carlos is planning to use visual aids for his informative speech.
Which of the following recommendations will he find in your textbook?

a. Pass small visual aids among the audience.

  * b. Display visual aids only when discussing them.

c. Use the chalkboard or white board to present visual aids.

d. all of the above

e. a and c only

77.   Which of the following is mentioned in your textbook or in class as 
a guideline for effective informative speaking?

a. Avoid talking about your personal experiences.

b. Use chronological organization whenever possible.

c. Relate to the audience by speaking in technical terms.

d. Use abstract language to clarify complex ideas.

 e. *Don’t overestimate what the audience knows.  

78. When using a visual aid in a speech, you should display the aid
a. on the left side of the lectern. * b. so everyone in the room can see it.
c. throughout the speech. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

79. Elisa is planning to use visual aids for her informative speech. Which of
the following recommendations should she follow?
a.* Keep visual aids simple
b. Display each visual aid for an equal amount of time
c. Pass small photographs among the audience so everyone can see them.
d. all of the above
e. a and c only

80. When using visual aids in a speech, you should

a. draw graphs and charts on the chalkboard.

b. set up visual aids to the right of the lectern.

c. not worry about keeping eye contact with the audience.

* d. avoid passing visual aids among the audience.

e. keep the aids on display throughout the speech.

81. Rosalie will be giving a persuasive speech on organ donation and wants to
distribute organ-donor cards to her listeners. When should she distribute the cards?

a. before she starts the speech

b. after she reveals her topic in the introduction

c. while telling how organ-donor cards work during the body of the speech

d. while urging her audience to take action during the conclusion of the speech

 e. * after she has finished speaking

82. Elisa is giving a speech on women’s athletics and has brought a petition for her listeners to sign. When should she circulate the petition?

a. before she begins her speech

b. after she reveals the topic of her speech

c. after explaining the problems faced by women’s athletic teams

d. while urging her audience to take action during the conclusion of the speech

 e. * after she has finished speaking

83. When you are going to give an audience material to take home from a speech,
 you should distribute the material
a. as the audience arrives for the speech. b. at the beginning of the speech. c. at the time you discuss it during the speech. d. during the conclusion of the speech. e. * after the speech.

84. As your instructor explains, visual aids are most effective when they are displayed

a. throughout the speech.
b. during the introduction of a speech.
c. on an easel where they are visible to everyone.
d.* only while the speaker is discussing them.
e. from the right side of the lectern.

85. Visual aids are most effective when they are

a. * part of a speaker’s rehearsal process.

b. shown in the introduction of a speech.

c. shown in the conclusion of a speech.

d. shown throughout the speech.

e. circulated among the audience.

86. Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking?
a. a student urging an instructor to reconsider the due date for an assignment
b.* a student sharing ideas about leadership based on a book she has read
c. a student on stage telling jokes during the intermission of a play
d. all of the above
e. a and b only

87. Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking?

a. a teacher praising parents for contributing to the school carnival
b. a teacher arguing that phonics is a successful method for teaching reading
* c. a teacher explaining the requirements for an assignment
d. all of the above
e. b and c only

88. Which of the following is mentioned in your textbook or in class as one of the 
 major guidelines (see checklist) for effective informative speaking?
a. Use multimedia visual aids.
b. Relate the subject directly to the audience.
c. Leave time for questions after the speech.
d. Be highly technical in your discussion.
e. Rely primarily on abstract language.

89. Which of the following is mentioned in your textbook or in class as a guideline 
for effective informative speaking?
a. Relate the subject directly to the audience
b. Don’t be too technical.
c. Personalize your ideas.
d. * all of the above
e. a and b only

90. If your specific purpose statement were “To inform my audience about the
  major kinds of dog breeds,” you would probably organize your speech in order.
a. chronological b. spatial c. descriptive * d. topical e. causal

91. “To inform my audience about Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection”
  is a specific purpose statement for a speech about a(n)
* a. concept.   b. object. c. process. d. ideology. e. event.

92. In an informative speech, the speaker acts as a(n)
a. advocate. b. entertainer.   * c. teacher. d. motivator. e. evaluator. 

93.According to class lectures and your text (or both), the questions listeners
 ask when judging an informative speech include
a. Is the information communicated clearly?
b. Is the information communicated accurately?
c. Is the information made meaningful and interesting to the audience?
d. * all of the above
e. a and b only

94. According to class lectures and your text (or both), the aims of an
informative speech include
a. communicating the speaker’s information clearly.
b. communicating the speaker’s information accurately.
c. making the speaker’s information meaningful to the audience.
d. * all of the above.
e. a and b only.

95. “To inform my audience about the different notions of intellectual property
 in eastern and western cultures” is an example of a specific purpose
statement for an informative speech about a(n)
a. object. b. event.   * c. concept. d. operation. e. process.

96. “To inform my audience about the internment of Japanese Americans during
 World War II” is an example of a specific purpose statement for an
informative speech about a(n)
* a. event. b. narrative. c. condition d. concept. e. function.

 97. Of all the kinds of speechmaking, what type of public speaking is the 
most complex and the most challenging.
* a. persuasive   b. after-dinner c. ceremonial d. informative e. commemorative

98. “To inform my audience how to prepare for a backpacking expedition”
 is a specific purpose statement for a speech about a(n)
a. object. * b. process. c. function. d. concept. e. policy

99. What is a systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.
a. function b. project c. demonstration * d. process e. custom

100.   “To inform my audience about the steps in creating a rooftop garden”
  is an example of a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n)
a. concept.   * b. process. c. function. d. condition. e. object. 

101.  The final question on the exam will be YOUR brief, persuasive argument describing the grade you determine to represent your work and accomplishments in the course. You will use relevant facts ( for example, test grade scores, class attendance, speech grades, etc.) and plausible reasons (for example, less anxiety associated with speaking in public, clearer understanding of news issues, sharper critical thinking skills, etc.). Note that this response DOES NOT mean that you will receive this grade; however, I have been persuaded in borderline grading cases to grade UP based on a effective answer to this question.